- All of these analyses utilized the theory for active earth pressures (Coulomb’s Earth Pressure Theory) as outlined in Lambe & Whitman, Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons. From the theory, a coefficient of active earth pressure
is computed. This coefficient relates the horizontal forces generated by the soil to the depth and unit weight of the soil: 
- All analyses assumed that the active earth condition has developed, i.e., the wall is permitted to move slightly.
- All analyses assumed a cohesionless backfill. If the backfill is cohesive, adjustments to the active earth pressures can be made based on past experience with the particular soil in a specific location. For some of the analyses, the results are independent of the actual value of active earth pressure since dimensionless ratios are used.
- Another assumption is that the ELASTIZELL EF contributes pressure on the wall through the soil below. In the partial wedge studies, the ELASTIZELL EF is assumed to transfer earth pressure from the soil behind it onto the wall.
- The partial wedge studies assume the ELASTIZELL EF reduces wall forces by two mechanisms:
- Since it replaces soil that is heavier, it reduces load.
- Its own weight resists overturning forces from the soil since it acts as a solid mass. The straight backfill case also resists sliding at its base.
The Problem A bridge on a federal highway over a small creek has deteriorated to the point where it must be replaced. Among the performers were practically all the rock stars of the 1960s: The Who, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Joan Baez, Joe Cocker, the Grateful Dead, Ravi Shankar, The […]
The Problem Storage silos usually require a stable fill material for uniform support behind the sloping hopper plates. If a lightweight fill material is utilized in the original silo design, significant cost savings result. The Solution ELASTIZELL EF is a lightweight and economical material to cast behind the sloping bin plates of silo storage structures. […]
The Problem Existing plazas have maximum allowable loads which may preclude landscaping with planters, retaining walls, earth fill, or reflecting pools without exceeding the allowable loading. How can a reflecting pool be re-landscaped without overloading its supportive structure? The Solution ELASTIZELL EF is cast over the waterproofed plaza after the planters and retaining walls have […]
The Problem Existing retaining walls are often distressed due to greater than anticipated lateral loads from saturated backfills and clogged drainage systems. The Solution An existing distressed retaining wall may be best repaired by removing all or a portion of the existing backfill material, checking the drainage system, and casting ELASTIZELL EF to the proper […]
The Problem How can a slip area be repaired and prevent future slippage on an Interstate roadway? Solution A pile and waler system provides the permanent form and lateral restraint for ELASTIZELL EF at the slip area. Discussion Attention must be directed to both the proper anchorage of the pile system and the free water […]
The Problem It is necessary to add a two ramp interchange for an Interstate Highway. At this particular location, a deep fill is required for these ramps over existing reinforced concrete box culverts. Since the proposed ramp fill depth would overload the culvert, what is the most economical method to construct these exit/entrance ramps over […]
The Problem A roadway grade must be raised to accommodate a new transit system. A portion of the roadway is over an underground culvert structure unable to carry additional loads. How can the increased elevation be achieved at a minimal cost without overloading the structure? The Solution In order to increase the overall depth of […]
The Problem What is an economical method for filling tunnel voids, abandoned pipelines, and sliplined pipe annular spaces? The Solution ELASTIZELL EF is an excellent fill material for voids created by various methods of pipeline construction. ELASTIZELL EF is pumped into place to fill the entire void. Discussion ELASTIZELL EF is the most practical solution […]
The Problem An underlaying layer of peat has prevented the raising of a runway extension by normal construction methods which are to fill and compact. How can a runway extension site be raised through a marshy area? The Solution ELASTIZELL EF concrete stabilized fill will not overload the peat deposit when the runway extension site […]
